![]() An F1 cross-bred pea plant is a heterozygote – it has 2 different alleles. In today’s genetic language, a pure-breeding pea plant line is a homozygote – it has 2 identical copies of the same allele. We now know that Mendel’s inheritance factors are genes, or more specifically alleles – different variants of the same gene. Mendel didn’t know about genes or discover genes, but he did speculate that there were 2 factors for each basic trait and that 1 factor was inherited from each parent. Allele Dominant Gene Genotype Gregor Mendel Heterozygous Homozygous Law of Segregation Phenotype Punnett Square Principle of Dominance Recessive. In Mendel's work on pea plants, each gene came in just two different versions, or alleles, and these alleles had a nice, clear-cut dominance relationship (with the dominant allele fully overriding the recessive allele to determine the plant's appearance). He concluded that traits were not blended but remained distinct in subsequent generations, which was contrary to scientific opinion at the time. This principle of inheritance states that dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles, however, these recessive alleles still exist even though they are masked. Gregor Mendel knew how to keep things simple. ![]() When Gregor Mendel performed his crossbreeding experiments. Mendel counted the number of second-generation (F2) progeny with dominant or recessive traits and found a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits. Understanding the principles and physical basis of heredity was one of the major scientific challenges during the nineteenth century. When pure-bred parent plants were cross-bred, dominant traits were always seen in the progeny, whereas recessive traits were hidden until the first-generation (F1) hybrid plants were left to self-pollinate. Heterozygous genotype: Gene combination of one dominant and one recessive genes, e.g. The resulting hybrids in the F1 generation all had violet flowers. ![]() Mendel found that paired pea traits were either dominant or recessive. 5: In one of his experiments on inheritance patterns, Mendel crossed plants that were true-breeding for violet flower color with plants true-breeding for white flower color (the P generation). Inheritance involves the passing of discrete units of inheritance, or genes, from parents to offspring. Key principles of genetics were developed from Mendel’s studies on peas.
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